Method of and apparatus for testing hardness.



UNITED sTATss PATENT QFLEZTCE.

ALBERT RINGLAND AND FRANK H. SCHOENFUSS, F rHLansn, gygil,

AssIGfNoRs To STANDARD BQLLER BEARING COMPANY, 0F PHILAppp/HHI@ BIQNN- sYLvANIA, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY. y

METHOD 0F AND AEPARATW TFQRTESTINH Hgim,

specification of Leiters ment. Pntented Jan. 19,1915.

Application filed September 15, 1913'.` Serial Np. H9399,

To @ZZ 1117i ont it may concern:

lle it known that we, ALBERT RINGLVAND and FNAN'K H.I Sclionnruss, both citizens of the United States, and residents of Philadelphie, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have jointly 1n-y ve'nted n certain new anduseful Method of and Apparatus for Testing Hardness, of which the following is a specification.

The so--callec Brinell hardness of e. piece of metal, as originally devised by J. Briuell, consists iu measuring the indentetion produeed by pressing, into the metal. a hardened steel ball of n certain size (usually l() mm. in diameter) under a given load.` From the size of ball used, lthe depth and width of the impression, the sphei'iffll M921 ean he figured. The lend divided by ,the spherical area 'gives a number which repre.- sents the hardness of the metal. The larger the impression the softer the metal; the smaller the impression, the harder the metal,

The principal object of the present irirention is to provide for ascertaining lhinell hardness of specimens of practically* :Ury size or shape and in any place, locality*y or structure by means of a portable Brinell apl'inralus. This ndevice permits the determination ol' hardness with unusually thin specimens or material. Other devices for similar purposesdo not. The reason fon this is that ythe loadwor pressure may be varied und yet obtain the desired results, the ratio always being the seine, 4wherens with the usual vlirinell machine. a definite pressure oi' considerableseverity inustbe used and does not give results, beeause the ball crushes through the thin material.

rl`he invention will be claimed nl the end herr-012;'l but will befirst described in ounmotiony .with the embodiment, Chosen from among other embodiments. and illustrated in the accompanyinglr drnwings, in which-- Figure l, is :l side View prineipnlly in central section illustratingI one, l'orin of apparatus emhfuiying,r featuresy of the inven tion nud adapted for the Drzclire of the method of Ihr` invention. Fig. 2. if-i a plan View looking` upward of they apparatus showniu liig. l. u riens. hereinafter referred to. :unl lugs. .ti and il. nre n plan view und n sertionnl view of a Brine-ll seule.

To practise the invention n boli l. is plafed Figs. 5l and l. are4 plouf between a standar'd Q 0f known Binll hardness and the piece B ofn'nknowri hurdness to be tested. Force of' unknown' quentity is applied to the assemblage 'for exemple by Striliin e blow 0I" @Xetn P1188' `sure upon the plunger 4. '.lhis pro uees e `19.111 depression or meenten@ a lfd in `of the tivo impressions,Teonsetjuently varydirently as the squhresof "the diameters o each impression. Thus, by means of the `following formula, i QL C-K (DUE (where C equals the Brinell hardness. to be determined, K the Brinell hardness 0f` the standard piece, Dfthe diemeter of the impression on the standard `piece und D the diameter of" the impression on the piece toi be determined) neurve ,or table can be' worked out., byV those skilled inthe art which will give the Brinell hardness desire ior any readings. of comparing the` ball depressionsa and b .90 One of the known Ways.

is tense the glass llrinell scale 5 in the u sualf` Brinell seule, it may ,be assumed] thatfthei ,ball dent or depression is twice aswide.

:is the, hall deut ondepression a.. This1 of To illustrate, by means- Iof thdj course, indicates that the `test piecey is harder j lhnu the piece to be tested and tl\e-prpox*.-,..

tion between the. width ofthe depression n aud the `width oF the` depression 'b ulords menus for ascertaining definitely, expii'ssed in lirinell hardness, the extentto vwhieh `the niece Il isis-offer than the standardm0603251 The proportion es has been said 1s :in nhsolutelv direct one, nud, necorrlinglv,tlu\ Pri-inell hardness of the niece l is known.

Another way tf1-use the invention 1s t0 of appropriate size, can be ascertained for the fact that the;

example by means of a Schere scleroscope. Evidently the piece 3 may be of any size or shape and locatedin any position, for example, it might be a piece of armor plate in place upon a ship, or it might be a part of any mechanical or other structure and its hardness and strength can be readily ascertained in the manner and by the means described,'because as a matter of fact all that it is necessary to do is to bring the ball 1 into contact with it and to then hit the plunger 4 a blow with a hammer and the forc of the blow is immaterial because the same blow operates upon the standard as well asupon the piece to be tested. In the use of this devje, attention is called te tension of the spring 9 must be overcome before the blow is struck in order that o. perfect Contact mav be obtained between the parts of the device and the ball upon the specimen known and unknown. In other words, all lost motion is thereby taken up before the test is made.

6, is a housing slotted as at 7 for the reception and removal of the standard piece Q and provided with a chamber 8 for the accommodation of the plunger spring 9 arranged between the top of the housing and thehead of the plunger. The ball 1 is retained but afforded freedom oi movement in a pocket 10 formed between two plates 11 and '12 which constitute the bottom of the housing. The stem 4of the plunger 4- projects through a hole the top of the hous- It will be obvious that the invention is not llmlted 1n matters of details, construction and arrangement nor do we intend to limit 1t in any way further than the of the art may require, but

What we claim is:

1. The method of ascertaining the Brinell hardness of a piece to. be tested, which consists in placing a ball between said piece and a standard piece of known Brinell hardness, applying;r a foree to therassembla'ge to produce a ball depression in each piece and then comparing the depressions and thereby ascertaining the Brinell hardness of the Piece to be tested.

2. Apparatus for testing Brinell hardness which comprises the combination of a housing, a movable ball projecting therefrom, a detachable standard 4 hardness accommodated by the housing and havingI a smooth surface contacting with said ball, and means for imparting pressure `to said piece and from said piece to said ball whereby a spherical shaped depres sion is produced in said smooth surface.

In testimony whereof we havehereunto signed our names.

ALBERT RINGLAND. FRANK H. SCHOENFUSS.

Witnesses:

CLIFFORD K. Cassel., vJAMES Honaocns.

prior state '4 piece o f known BrinellV Disclaimer.

1,125,912.-Albert Ringland and Frank H. Schnfnfuss, Philadelphia, Pa. METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS Fon TESTING HARnNEss. Patent dated January 19, 1915. Disclaimer filed July' 26, 1917, hy Mmln-Rm'kwfll Corporation, assignee, hy mesme assignments.' Enters this disclaimer- To that part of the claim in said specification which is in the iollowing words. to wit:

Method of and, page l, lines 7 and 8, ef printed specification. This device permits the determination ef hardnese` with unusually thin specimens nl' material. Other devices for similar pnrpnseh4 do ne i The reason fer this is that irhelend or pressure may be varied and yety nhlain the desired results, the ratio always being the same, Whereas with the neual Brinell marhine :1 definite pressure Patent NQ *l oLcansiderahle severit' must be uned and dees not give result-s, because the hall ef'u'shes through the tlliin materiaL", page 1, linex 28 Ln 3S, inclusive, of printed L spciliention.

E'l' r'und adaEted for the practice nl' the method el' the invention", page l, lines 47 epd 48, of t e rintcrl specification. "1. The mctliod of asco l consists in plaringn hall between :mid piece and n standard piero ef known Brinell hardness, applying a force te the assemblage to prednee n hall depression in cach pieve and then comparing the depressiens and thereby aseertainm the Brinell hard` new nl' the piece lin he tested." elimini l, page 2, lines 48 te 56 ine` usive. 

